Các dạng đảo ngữ (the inversion) trong tiếng anh

1. Định nghĩa

Hiện tượng đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh.. Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính:

2. Các dạng đảo ngữ

• Đảo ngữ với No và Not

Cấu trúc:

No + N + Auxiliary + S + Verb (inf)

Not any + N + Auxiliary + S + Verb (inf)

Ví dụ:

No money shall I lend you from now on.

(= Not any money shall I lend you from now on.)

• Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No

At no time

On no condition

On no account + Auxiliary + S + N

Under/ in no circumstances

For no reason

In no way

No longer

Ví dụ:

For no reason shall you play truant.

The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.

(= Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid.)

On no condition shall we accept their proposal.

• Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,…..

Cấu trúc:

Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + Auxiliary + S + V

Ví dụ:

Never in mid-summer does it snow.

Hardly ever does he speak in the public.

• Đảo ngữ No sooner………. than…..

Cấu trúc:

Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely…….. When/ before

Ví dụ:

No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.

Hardly had she put up her umbrella before the rain became down in torrents.

• Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện

Trong đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện chúng ta có 3 dạng:

-Câu điều kiện loại 1: If-clause = Should +S + V…

Ví dụ:

Should she come late, she will miss the train.

Should he lend me some money, I will buy that house.

-Câu điều kiện loại 2: If-clause = Were S + to-V/ Were + S…

Ví dụ:

If I were you, I would work harder = Were I you, I……..

If I knew her, I would invite her to the party = Were I to know her, I……..

-Câu điều kiện loại 3 : If-clause = Had + S + V­­3

Ví dụ:

If my parents had encouraged me, I would have passed exam

• Đảo ngữ với No where + Aux (Trợ động từ) + S + V

Ví dụ:

Nowhere can you buy the goods as good as those in my country.

Nowhere in Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country.

Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home.

• So + adjective + be + N + clause

Ví dụ:

So intelligent is she that can answer all questions in the interview.

• Đảo ngữ với Not only……. but……also…

Cấu trúc:

Not only + Auxiliary + S + V but…. also……….

Ví dụ:

Not only is he good at English but he also draws very well.

Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly.

• Đảo ngữ với until/ till + clause/ Adv of time + Auxiliary + S + V

Ví dụ:

I didn’t know that I had lost my key till I got home.

(= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key.)

I won’t come home till 10 o’clock.

(=Not until/ till 10 o’clock that I will come home.)

(= It is not until 10 o’clock that I will come home.)

• Đảo ngữ với SO

Cấu trúc:

So + Adj/ Adv + Auxiliary + S + V + that-clause (mệnh đề danh từ)

Ví dụ:

So difficult was the exam that few student pass it.

So attractive is she that many boys run after her.

• Đảo ngữ với ONLY

Only once

Only later

Only in this way

Only in that way

Only then + Auxiliary + S + V

Only after + N

Only by V_ing/ N

Only when + clause

Only with + N

Only if+ clause

Only in adv of time/ place

Ví dụ:

Only once did I meet her.

Only after all guests had gone home could we relax.

Only when I understand her did I like her.

Only by practising English every day can you speak it fluently.